The rolling grasslands and rocky outcrops of northwest KwaZulu Natal bore witness to more than 60 years of bloody conflict. From 1838 to 1902 three imperious, yet vastly disparate nations - Zulu, British, and Boers - engaged in bitter and merciless conflicts that shaped the future of South Africa and nature of warfare. The Voortrekker victory against the Zulu in 1838 paved the way for the establishment of the Republic of Natalia. In 1879 the British battled the Zulu in the Anglo-Zulu War, which ended Zulu independence. Twenty years later, the British fought a brutal three year war with the stock farming Boers of the Transvaal (South African) and Orange Free State republics known as the Anglo-Boer or Great South African War. Not only did this war bring the two independent Boer republics under British control it introduced a new style of warfare, including the khaki uniform, guerilla warfare and the concentration camp.