Capitoline Hill may be the lowest and least talked about mount in Rome but there are several reasons to climb the wide-ramped stairs to the summit. Not least because they were designed by Michelangelo to allow horses and donkeys to trudge up it. Piazza del Campidoglio, as the trapezoid-shaped plaza at the top is called, gave us two words, capitol and money, and the world's
first museum. Here's how it all got started. Romulus built his house on Palatine but erected an asylum for exiled tribes and arx (military citadel) on Capitoline. Both acted as a barrier to his enemy, the Sabine. The Capitolium, an elaborate temple to Jupiter and Capitoline Triad, was built on Capitoline by Rome's Etruscan kings and gave the hill its name. As the winds of Rome shifted from religion to politics the look of Capitoline Hill changed too. The sacred hill became the center of city government. A commune (city hall) and Senate were built and the Temple of Juno Moneta was converted to a mint. The English word capitol comes from the Latin word capitoline; the English word money from the Latin word moneta. What about the museum? When the Papal See returned to Rome in the Renaissance the winds of change blew once again and Capitoline Hill got another facelift. Pope Paul III commissioned Michelangelo to remodel the buildings and remake the square. His job wasn't easy. The facades didn't face each other squarely and the piazza sloped to one side. To fix the problem Michelangelo made his oval egg-shaped. When the project was complete, nearly 100 years later, the city of Rome had a home for the art and artifacts the papacy no longer valued.